继电器贮存可靠性评估与寿命试验方法综述

doi:10.16628/j.cnki.2095-8188.2020.12.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

继电器的贮存可靠性评估与贮存寿命预测是研究继电器可靠性的重要内容。从工艺因素、环境因素、失效机理与失效模式等方面分析了继电器的贮存失效原因;介绍了基于贝叶斯法、基于威布尔分布法以及基于性能退化模型的可靠性评估方法,分析了不同贮存可靠性评估法的优缺点以及适用范围;概述了基于加速贮存试验的继电器贮存寿命预测方法,得出参考多方面的故障因素能够提高试验的准确性;总结了对贮存寿命预测的不足及今后的研究方向。

关键词: 继电器, 可靠性评估, 贮存寿命, 加速贮存试验

Abstract:

The relay’s storage reliability evaluation and storage life prediction are important contents to study the reliability of the relay.The cause of relay storage failure is analyzed from the aspects of process factors,environmental factors,failure mechanisms and failure modes,etc.The reliability evaluation methods based on Bayesian method,Weibull distribution method and performance degradation model are introduced,and the advantages and disadvantages of several different storage reliability evaluation methods and their applicable scope are analyzed.The relay storage life prediction method based on accelerated storage test is summarized.It is concluded that referring to various fault factors can improve the accuracy of the test.The shortcomings of storage life prediction and future research directions are summarized.

Key words: relay, reliability assessment, storage life, accelerated storage test

中图分类号:

TM581.3

陈康宁, 王召斌, 李朕, 李维燕, 尚尚. 继电器贮存可靠性评估与寿命试验方法综述[J]. 电器与能效管理技术, 2020, 0(12): 1-6.

CHEN Kangning, WANG Zhaobin, LI Zhen, LI Weiyan, SHANG Shang. Review of Storage Reliability Evaluation and Life Test Methods for Relays[J]. LOW VOLTAGE APPARATUS, 2020, 0(12): 1-6.

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应力类型	失效机理	表现形式
温度	触点氧化、绝缘老化、扩散、析出、蒸发等	性能参数退化、绝缘性能降低、结构发生损坏、接触电阻增大
湿度	以吸附、凝露、吸入、渗透的方式影响继电器内部结构	加速线圈腐蚀、氧化、冷凝,触点表面被污染、氧化
振动	内部引线松动甚至脱落、振动导致材料磨损、多余物杂质渗入	内部结构被破坏,电气、机械性能发生变化,触点闭合延时
气压	内外部压力不平衡,产生压力差	密封性遭到破坏
其他	大气腐蚀	有害气体进入继电器内部,导致内部结构被破坏

应力类型	优点	缺点
恒定应力	试验因素单一、操作简单,易于实现,应用广泛,数据收集比较容易	试验样本大,试验周期过长
步进应力	试验周期短	上级应力会影响本级应力,试验精度较低,需要程序控制
序进应力	精度高	需要程序控制,难以实现

加速模型	适用范围	表达形式
阿伦尼斯 (Arrhenius)模型	常用于温度与寿命之间的关系	ε=Ae^E/kT
艾林(Eyring)模型	常用于描述温度/湿度等多种应力与寿命的关系	ε=(A/T)e⁽^B/kT⁾
温/湿度模型	温/湿度同时作用	ε=Ae⁽^E/kT⁺^B/H⁾^-n