脉冲负载两级式DC-DC拓扑与控制策略研究

doi:10.16628/j.cnki.2095-8188.2024.05.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为满足脉冲负载直流变换器高功率密度和高动态响应性能的要求,研究了一种应用于脉冲负载的两级式直流变换器。选用滤波电感更小、系统环路带宽更高的三电平同步整流Buck变换器作为前级变换器,选用DCX-LLC谐振变换器作为后级变换器,其相对闭环控制LLC在动态响应及效率方面更具优势。然后提出优化TL-Buck开关管电压应力的软起动策略,解决了软起动阶段飞跨电容电压在完成充电后降到很低的问题。最后,通过仿真和实验验证了所提两级式直流变换器闭环及软起动控制策略能优化前级TL-Buck起动时开关管电压应力。

关键词: 脉冲负载直流变换器, 脉冲功率平衡, 两级式架构, 快速动态响应

Abstract:

In order to meet the requirements of high power density and high dynamic response performance of pulse-load DC converter,a two-stage DC converter applied to pulsed load is studied.Among them,the three-level synchronous rectifier buck converter with smaller filter inductance and higher system loop bandwidth is selected as the pre-stage converter,and the DCX (DC Transformer)-LLC resonant converter is selected as the post-stage converter,which has more advantages in dynamic response and efficiency than the closed-loop control LLC.Then,a soft-start strategy to optimize the voltage stress problem of TL(Three Level)-Buck switch is proposed,which solves the problem that the flying capacitor voltage drops to a very low level after charging in the soft-start stage.Finally,the proposed closed-loop and soft-start control strategies of two-stage DC converters are verified by simulation and experiments,and it is determined that the soft-start strategy can optimize the voltage stress of the switch during the start-up of the pre-stage TL-Buck.

Key words: pulsed load DC converter, pulsed power balance, two-stage architecture, fast dynamic response

中图分类号:

TM46

张森, 曹轩, 谭云飞, 赵志宏. 脉冲负载两级式DC-DC拓扑与控制策略研究[J]. 电器与能效管理技术, 2024, 0(5): 20-29.

ZHANG Seng, CAO Xuan, TAN Yunfei, ZHAO Zhihong. Research on Topology and Control Strategy for Pulsed Load Two-Stage DC-DC Power Supply[J]. LOW VOLTAGE APPARATUS, 2024, 0(5): 20-29.

图/表 23

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

表1

负载加载时各模式电感电流变化率对比

占空比及控制模式	电感电流上升斜率
稳态控制D<0.5	$0.5 U i n - U o L 1$
稳态控制D>0.5	$U i n - U o L 1$
暂态控制	$U i n - U o L 1$

表1

表2

负载卸载时各模式电感电流变化率对比

占空比及控制模式	电感电流上升斜率
稳态控制D<0.5	$- U o L 1$
稳态控制D>0.5	$0.5 U i n - U o L 1$
暂态控制	$- U o L 1$

表2

图9

图10

表3

图11

图12

图13

图14

图15

图16

图17

图18

图19

图20

参考文献 26

[1]	周龙, 郑和俊. 基于相控阵雷达脉冲负载特性的电源系统设计及仿真研究[J]. 通信电源技术, 2020, 37(24):55-57.
[2]	李强, 林义刚, 叶雪荣, 等. 浅析星箭电气系统可靠性[J]. 电器与能效管理技术, 2020(10):114-122.
[3]	支树播, 陈思, 张琨, 等. 星载SAR电源设计优化以及系统稳定性研究[J]. 电器与能效管理技术, 2023(7):48-54.
[4]	邓镓屹, 王星华, 聂一雄. 配电网电缆在线监测装置的三相取能电源设计与探讨[J]. 广东电力, 2023, 36(8):79-88.
[5]	JAIN A K, MCINTOSH D, JONES M, et al. A 2.5 kV to 22 V,1 kW radar decoy power supply using silicon carbide semiconductor devices[C]// Proceedings of the 2011 14th European Conference on IEEE Power Electronics and Applications, 2011:1-10.
[6]	FARHADI M, MOHAMMED O A. Hybrid DC power system for pulse load application:design,modeling and operation[C]// 2015 Seventh Annual IEEE Green Technologies Conference, 2015:152-157.
[7]	LEE K, HARRIMAN P, ZOU H. Analysis and design of the dual edge controller for the fast transient voltage regulator[C]// 2009 Twenty-Fourth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2009:1184-1189.
[8]	ZHONG Z, CHEN Y, ZHANG P, et al. A cost-effective circuit for three-level flying-capacitor buck converter combining the soft-start,flying capacitor pre-charging and snubber functions[C]// 2014 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), 2014:3658-3663.
[9]	廖建军, 余海生, 王若虚. 基于脉冲负载的中小功率开关电源研究[J]. 微电子学, 2010, 40(4):525-530.
[10]	宋浩谊, 李永, 廖建军. 一种基于复合拓扑的数字DC/DC电源设计[J]. 电器与能效管理技术, 2020(9):40-45.
[11]	唐志扬, 胡健, 焦提操, 等. 用于直流微电网互联的双向DC-DC变换器设计[J]. 电力电容器与无功补偿, 2022, 43(5):148-155.
[12]	赵伟涛, 李钊, 牙生·迪拉日, 等. 直流变换器输出阻抗非理想特性数值分析方法研究[J]. 电器与能效管理技术, 2023(2):11-15.
[13]	孙宏杰, 鲁伟, 陈洪涛. 大功率数字脉冲电源分布式控制网络[J]. 电源技术, 2022, 46(8):935-938.
[14]	钟庆, 梁铭, 赵宇明, 等. 基于动态相量法的三相双有源桥直流变换器闭环系统建模与稳定性分析[J]. 电力电容器与无功补偿, 2022, 43(4):124-130.
[15]	陈加勇, 毛行奎. 基于LLC谐振变换器的LED混合调光控制策略研究[J]. 电器与能效管理技术, 2023(5):37-40.
[16]	邢娟, 朱晓晨. 储能系统双向隔离直流变换器新型控制策略[J]. 电力电容器与无功补偿, 2022, 43(5):165-173.
[17]	LAMPASI A, TENCONI S, TADDIA G, et al. A new generation of power supplies for pulsed loads[J]. Fusion Engineering and Design, 2019(146):1921-1925.
[18]	ZHAO Q, LI S, CAO R, et al. Design of pulse power supply for high-power semiconductor laser diode arrays[J]. IEEE Access, 2019(7):92805-92812.
[19]	XU Y, LI P, HE X, et al. Waveform control of multi-pulse flat-top high magnetic field based on pulsed generator system[J]. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2020, 30(4):1-5.
[20]	齐鹏宇. 高频低扰动脉冲功率变换器研究[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学, 2020.
[21]	范原. 脉冲负载直流变换器输出动态响应的研究[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学, 2015.
[22]	LIU X, MOK P K T, JIANG J, et al. Analysis and design considerations of integrated 3-level buck converters[J]. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I:Regular Papers, 2016, 63(5):671-682.
[23]	WU X, CHEN H, QIAN Z. 1-MHz LLC resonant DC transformer (DCX) with regulating capability[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2016, 63(5):2904-2912.
[24]	刘文军, 易俊宏, 马红波. 同步整流双谐振LLC-DCX悬浮控制电源研究[J]. 电机与控制学报, 2017, 21(6):18-25.
[25]	王金龙. 两级式航空 DC/DC 变换器的研究[D]. 南京: 南京航空航天大学, 2015.
[26]	ZHANG Z, CHEN Y, ZHANG P, et al. A cost-effective circuit for three-level flying-capacitor buck converter combining the soft-start,flying capacitor pre-charging and snubber functions[C]// 2014 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), 2014:3658-3663.

参数类别	参数指标
前级输入电压/V	300
中间母线额定电压/V	120
前级开关频率/kHz	50
滤波电感最大电流纹波率/%	20
后级输出电压/V	48
后级稳态输出电流/A	12.5
后级暂态峰值输出电流/A	25
后级开关频率/kHz	100
后级稳态输出功率/W	600
后级暂态峰值输出功率/kW	1.2