基于晶体振动能的电磁继电器失效机理一致性判别方法

doi:10.16628/j.cnki.2095-8188.2025.07.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

加速退化试验常用于开关电器的可靠性评估。各个加速应力下的失效机理一致性,是准确、高效评估其可靠性的基础。首先,基于失效物理的失效机理一致性检验可能存在误判,以及基于Arrhenius模型的定量分析方法不能描述序进应力试验数据退化规律,提出一种基于晶体振动能的退化模型,通过Monte Carlo仿真模拟与构建统计量进行t分布假设检验,所提模型可用于描述序进应力试验数据退化规律;然后,基于晶体振动能的退化模型提出一种加速退化试验失效机理一致性判别方法;最后,通过某型号继电器持续带载加速退化试验实例说明与破坏性物理分析相互验证,所提方法在描述序进应力试验数据退化规律的基础上,可用于定量分析温度加速应力下的失效机理一致性,并具有一定的有效性。

关键词: Arrhenius模型, 失效机理, 一致性, 破坏性物理分析

Abstract:

Accelerated degradation test is often used in the reliability evaluation of switching electrical appliance.The consistency of failure mechanism under each accelerated stress is the basis for accurate and efficient evaluation of its reliability. Firstly, in view of the possible misjudgment of the failure mechanism consistency based on failure physics and the fact that the quantitative analysis method based on Arrhenius model can not describe the degradation law of progressive stress test data, a degradation model based on crystal vibration energy is proposed.The t-distribution hypothesis test and Monte Carlo simulation are both carried out to verify that the model can be used to describe the degradation law of progressive stress test data.Then, a method based on the degradation model for identifying the consistency of failure mechanism is proposed.Finally,the continuous load accelerated degradation test example of a relay shows that it is mutually verified with destructive physical analysis.The proposed method, on the basis of describing the degradation law of the progressive stress data, can be used for the quantitative analysis of the failure mechanism consistency under temperature accelerated stress and has certain effectiveness.

Key words: Arrhenius model, failure mechanism, consistency, destructive physical analysis

中图分类号:

TM52

邢化锋, 付饶, 李慧妍. 基于晶体振动能的电磁继电器失效机理一致性判别方法[J]. 电器与能效管理技术, 2025, 0(7): 9-17.

XING Huafeng, FU Rao, LI Huiyan. Identification Method of Failure Mechanism Consistency for Electromagnetic Relay Based on Crystal Vibration Energy[J]. LOW VOLTAGE APPARATUS, 2025, 0(7): 9-17.

图/表 14

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

表1

各个应力下的τi

T_i/K	τ_i	$t α 2$ (r_i-2)
353	0.50	1.66
374	-0.80	1.66
397	0.52	1.66
423	-0.76	1.68

表1

表2

参数	T₁~T_i/K
	353~374		353~397		353~423
	$H^0$	$H^1$	$H^0$	$H^1$	$H^0$	$H^1$
$a^$	3.15	3.17	3.55	3.83	3.28	3.62
b'	4.00×10⁷	4.00×10⁷	4.00×10⁷	4.00×10⁷	4.00×10⁷	4.00×10⁷
$p^$	2.65×10⁶	—	3.20×10⁶	—	2.76×10⁶	—
$p^1$	—	2.67×10⁶	—	3.40×10⁶	—	3.19×10⁶
$p^2$	—	2.71×10⁶	—	3.48×10⁶	—	3.26×10⁶
$p^3$	—		-	3.00×10⁶	—	3.39×10⁶
$p^4$	—		—	—	—	2.49×10⁶
$μ ε 1$	3.64×10^-4	9.54×10^-3	-7.33×10^-4	3.55×10^-3	-4.70×10^-4	-2.03×10^-2
$σ ε 1 2$	1.22×10^-3	1.24×10^-3	1.58×10^-3	1.27×10^-3	1.30×10^-3	1.18×10^-3
$μ ε 2$	-3.96×10^-4	-9.38×10^-3	-2.82×10^-3	6.17×10^-3	-2.26×10^-3	-4.20×10^-2
$σ ε 2 2$	1.16×10^-3	1.14×10^-3	3.57×10^-3	2.13×10^-3	2.41×10^-3	1.23×10^-3
$μ ε 3$	—	—	2.54×10^-3	-2.72×10^-3	4.74×10^-3	-4.05×10^-2
$σ ε 3 2$	—	—	5.30×10^-3	7.91×10^-3	6.82×10^-3	1.21×10^-2
$μ ε 4$	—	—	—	—	-9.45×10^-3	2.77×10^-1
$σ ε 4 2$	—	—	—	—	3.75×10^-3	2.92×10^-3
Λ_i	0.28		6.23		1.48
$χ β 2$ ( $ξ H^0$ - $ξ H^1$ )	6.64		9.21		11.35

表2

图9

图10

图11

表3

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参数	T_i/K
参数	298	353	374	397	423
试验时长/h	0	3 216	2 664	2 664	2 448
退化量/mN	0.015	0.081	0.079	0.110	0.130
加速应力退化速率/ (10^-5mN·h^-1)	—	2.05	2.41	3.48	4.83