加氢站液氢泄漏扩散仿真研究

doi:10.16628/j.cnki.2095-8188.2025.12.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 研究加氢站发生持续液氢泄漏后的危险氢气扩散行为,为安全防护设计提供理论依据。假设某液氢储罐在10 m/s西风条件下发生了中孔径泄漏,并且液氢泄漏方向与风向相同,基于Fluent软件建立下风向长度220 m的计算域和加氢站模型,完成100 s的液氢泄漏相变与扩散瞬态数值模拟。结果表明,易燃氢气云团第54 s达到最大扩散距离83.77 m,随后趋于稳定;危险氢气云团竖直方向扩散高度不超过10 m,爆炸和低温氢气云团被约束在U型墙内。因此,未来液氢加氢站易燃气体安全防护半径不应小于83.77 m,应严格减少液氢储罐周围装备布置,并重点布防加氢站内10 m以下空间。

关键词: 氢, 泄漏, 扩散, 数值模拟, 安全防护

Abstract:

The diffusion behavior of dangerous hydrogen gas after a continuous liquid hydrogen leakage in a hydrogen refueling station is researched, which can provide the thearetical basis for safety protection design. It is assumed that a medium aperture leak occurred in a liquid hydrogen storage tank under 10 m/s westerly wind conditions, and the direction of the leak is the same as the wind direction. A 220 m length calculation domain and a hydrogen refueling station model in the downwind direction based on Fluent soft are established. A 100 s transient numerical simulation of liquid hydrogen leakage phase transition and diffusion is completed. The results indicated that the flammable hydrogen cloud reached its maximum diffusion distance of 83.77 m at 54 s and then stabilized, the vertical diffusion height of the hazardous hydrogen cloud does not exceed 10 m, and the explosive and low-temperature hydrogen clouds are confined within the U-shaped wall. Therefore, in the future the safety protection radius for flammable gases at liquid hydrogen refueling stations should not be less than 83.77 m. It is necessary to strictly reduce the layout of equipment around liquid hydrogen storage tanks and focus on the protection of the space below 10 m of the refueling station.

Key words: hydrogen, leakage, diffusion, numerical simulation, safety protection

中图分类号:

TM911

马文金, 曾其权, 廖火生, 刘世学, 张淑兴. 加氢站液氢泄漏扩散仿真研究[J]. 电器与能效管理技术, 2025, 0(12): 67-75.

MA Wenjin, ZENG Qiquan, LIAO Huosheng, LIU Shixue, ZHANG Shuxing. Research on Simulation of Liquid Hydrogen Leakage and Diffusion in Hydrogen Refueling Stations[J]. LOW VOLTAGE APPARATUS, 2025, 0(12): 67-75.

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对比项	风速/ (m·s^-1)	环境温度/℃	4%浓度氢气云团下风向扩散距离/m	4%浓度氢气云团竖直方向高度/m	13%浓度氢气云团下风向扩散距离/m	13%浓度氢气云团竖直方向高度/m	场景
NASA实验6	2.2	15	36.00	15.00	34.00	12.5	完全开放
本文	10.0	25	40.59	5.06	20.02	3.8	液氢场站布局
比值	4.55	—	1.13	0.34	0.59	0.30	—