大规模风/光互补制储氢关键技术研究现状与趋势

doi:10.16628/j.cnki.2095-8188.2024.04.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

发展大规模风/光互补制储氢系统,对推进我国能源战略转型、实现节能减排和新能源高质量发展具有重要和深远的意义。当前风/光制氢相关研究以制氢技术为主,尚缺乏从核心装备、运行控制到安全保护多方位多角度的系统性梳理。首先概述了大规模风/光互补制氢技术国内外的发展情况;其次从关键技术发展角度对风/光互补制储氢系统结构、关键设备、运行控制、保护方式及安全监控5个方面进行了分析归纳。最后,展望了大规模风/光互补制储氢关键技术未来发展趋势,总结了未来有待深入研究的技术方向。

关键词: 风/光互补制储氢系统, 关键设备, 运行控制, 保护方式, 安全监控

Abstract:

The development of large-scale wind/PV hybrid hydrogen production and storage systems is of great and far-reaching significance for promoting China's energy strategic transformation, achieving energy conservation and emission reduction and developing high-quality new energy. However, the current research review on wind/PV hydrogen production is mainly focused on hydrogen production technology itself. There is still a lack of systematic review from multiple perspectives, including core equipment, operational control, safety protection and so on. Firstly,the development status of large-scale wind/PV hybrid hydrogen production technology at home and abroad was summarized. Then, from the perspective of key technological development, including the structure, core equipment, operation control, protection methods and safety monitoring of the wind/PV hybrid hydrogen production and storage system were analyzed and summarized. Finally, the future development trends and prospects of large-scale wind/PV hybrid hydrogen production and storage systems were predicted.

Key words: wind/PV hybrid hydrogen production and storage system, key equipment, opertaional control, protection method, security monitoring

中图分类号:

TM61

邢小文, 牟树君, 范玉建, 孙逊, 周一鹏. 大规模风/光互补制储氢关键技术研究现状与趋势[J]. 电器与能效管理技术, 2024, 0(4): 1-12.

XING Xiaowen, MU Shujun, FAN Yujian, SUN Xun, ZHOU Yipeng. Research Status and Trends of Key Technologies for Large Scale Wind/PV Hybrid Hydrogen Production and Storage System[J]. LOW VOLTAGE APPARATUS, 2024, 0(4): 1-12.

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对比项	碱性水电解	固体聚合物电解	固体氧化物电解
工作温度/℃	≤90	≤80	≥800
应用现状	充分产业化	特殊应用,商业化起步	实验室材料基础
单机最大产氢规模/(Nm³·h^-1)	1 200	500	实验室研发
电解效率/%	50~60	70~80	≥90
成本/(元·Nm^-3)	6 000~8 000	为碱性制氢的2~4倍	—

储氢技术	单位质量储氢密度/%	优点	缺陷	技术突破	备注
气态储氢	1~5.7	技术成熟、充放氢速度快、成本低	体积储氢密度低	提高体积储氢密度	主要用于车用储氢
液态储氢	5.7	体积储氢密度高、液态氢纯度高	液化过程耗能大、易挥发、成本高	降低能耗、成本、挥发	主要用于航空航天领域
固态储氢	1~4.5	体积储氢密度高、安全性高,不需高压容器,具备纯化功能,可得到高纯氢	质量储氢密度低, 成本高、吸放氢有温度要求	提高质量储氢密度、降低成本和吸放氢温度	未来发展重要方向

分类依据	故障类型	故障细分类型
故障形式	接地故障	经高阻接地故障
	接地故障	经低阻接地故障
	极间故障	极间短路故障
故障位置	交流侧故障	单相短路故障、三相短路故障、两相短路接地故障、单相接地故障等
	直流母线故障	短路故障接地故障
	支路故障	发电单元故障 (风力发电和光伏发电)、储能单元故障、电解槽故障、及所有设备相应的接口变换器故障