Current Status and Application Prospects of Low-Voltage Solid-State Circuit Breakers

doi:10.16628/j.cnki.2095-8188.2026.08.006

Abstract

Abstract:

The working principles and technical advantages of low-voltage solid-state circuit breakers (SSCBs) are systematically elaborated. The latest breakthroughs in aspects such as silicon carbide (SiC) power device materials, heat dissipation technologies, intelligent gate-drive and electrical isolation are analyzed. Industrialization obstacles including cost issues and standardization challenges are also discussed. Combined with the developments of relevant products and standards domestically and internationally, the future development trends and innovation paths of low-voltage SSCBs are prospected.

Key words: low-voltage solid-state circuit breaker, power electronic device, wide-bandgap semiconductor, DC distribution, electrical isolation, standardization

CLC Number:

TM561

Wang Shuyan. Current Status and Application Prospects of Low-Voltage Solid-State Circuit Breakers[J]. LOW VOLTAGE APPARATUS, 2026, 0(8): 45-51.

Figures/Tables 7

References 11

[1]	吴鑫, 陶闯闯, 王景帅, 等. 低压直流固态断路器关键技术研究[J]. 电器与能效管理技术, 2024(1):1-5.
[2]	王海燕, 吴自然, 钱祺, 等. 低压直流固态断路器分断特性优化方法研究[J]. 电气传动, 2024, 54(1):40-47.
[3]	黄兢业. 低压电器新型标准体系建设与实践[J]. 质量与标准化, 2025(7):1-4.
[4]	Saeed R, Oleksandr H, Dmitri V. Design and analysis of a DC solid-state circuit breaker for residential energy router application[J]. Energies, 2022, 15(24):9434. doi: 10.3390/en15249434
[5]	周颢晖, 何东, 徐星冬, 等. 一种新型低压直流碳化硅固态断路器[J]. 电工技术, 2023(8):119-123.
[6]	向碧楠. 基于SiC MOSFET的直流固态断路器研究[D]. 成都: 西南交通大学, 2022.
[7]	严鑫, 余占清, 屈鲁, 等. 基于逆阻型IGCT器件的固态式直流断路器设计及研制[J]. 高电压技术, 2024, 50(2):551-560.
[8]	康宇辉. 新能源汽车智能固态断路器的设计与实现[D]. 杭州: 杭州电子科技大学, 2023.
[9]	李兴文, 高偲智, 张照资, 等. 低压直流开断技术研究综述[J]. 高电压技术, 2025, 51(9):4479-4493.
[10]	张云夏, 吴自然, 刘向宇, 等. 低压直流固态断路器设计及其分断特性研究[J]. 机电工程技术, 2025, 54(2):148-152.
[11]	苟锐锋, 俞天毅, 孙广星, 等. 基于RCD与MOV的直流固态断路器缓冲电路优化分析与设计[J]. 高电压技术, 2019, 45(8):2418-2424.

性能指标	传统机械断路器	SSCB	混合式SSCB	技术影响
动作时间	30~100 ms	5~25 μs	1~5 ms	提升故障响应速度,减少设备损伤
电气寿命/次	10 000~50 000	1 000 000+	10 000~100 000	降低全生命周期维护成本
分断特性	产生电弧	无电弧	电弧极小	增强安全性,适用于易燃环境
通态损耗	低(<1%)	较高(1%~3%,需冷却)	极低(<1%)	增加能耗,需优化散热设计
电气隔离	具备	需额外配隔离断口	具备	保障安全性,需配隔离断口
成本因素	低	高	中等偏高	制约规模化应用

场景	技术需求	当前制约因素
数据中心48 V直流配电	分断速度<1 ms	故障检测延迟、散热效率
船用DC 1 500 V系统	高遮断容量+耐腐蚀	成本、标准缺失
电动汽车350 kW快充桩	双向保护+V2G支持	均流控制难度、SiC模块成本
工业预测性维护	数据采集与大电流分断能力、成本	通信协议兼容性、算法成熟度
储能系统	快速故障隔离+双向保护	大电流分断能力、成本
轨道交通牵引供电	高可靠性+快速分断+耐振动	标准缺失、环境适应性
IC工厂配电	微秒级保护+无电弧+高洁净度	成本、定制化需求

标准编号	标准名称	状态	主要应用领域
UL 489I-2025	Outline of Investigation for Solid State Molded-Case Circuit Breakers	现行2025-10-22	工业用
IEC 60947-10	IEC Low-Voltage Switchgear and Controlgear- Part 10: Semiconductor Circuit-Breakers	现行2026-05-12	工业用
T/CEEIA 332—2018	低压快速混合式断路器	现行2018-12-24	工业用
T/CMIF 171—2022 T/CEEIA 603—2022	船用低压固态断路器	现行2022-09-01	船用
T/CEEIA 782—2024	低压固态断路器	现行2024-03-31	工业用

[1]	ZHOU Qi, ZHANG Zhengtao, ZHANG Jinghao, ZHANG Chenyu, ZHANG Liang. Research on Control Strategy of Self-Powered Circuit in Medium Voltage DC Distribution Network Based on PI-MPC [J]. LOW VOLTAGE APPARATUS, 2025, 0(11): 20-25.
[2]	DENG Qixi. Current Status Analysis and Development Suggestions of New Energy Storage Standardization [J]. LOW VOLTAGE APPARATUS, 2025, 0(10): 1-7.
[3]	CHEN Xueqin, CHEN Zhengxin. Health Management Technology and Standardization for Low Voltage Circuit Breakers [J]. LOW VOLTAGE APPARATUS, 2024, 0(9): 77-80.
[4]	WU Fangzhu, TIAN Yuan. Design and Exploration of Integrated Energy System for Industrial Parks Based on Medium and Low Voltage AC/DC Distribution Networks [J]. LOW VOLTAGE APPARATUS, 2023, 0(6): 44-50.
[5]	ZHENG Jiexin. Review on Development of Green and Low Carbon Standardization of Low Voltage Electrical Apparatus [J]. LOW VOLTAGE APPARATUS, 2022, 0(8): 67-70.
[6]	MA Muyuan, ZHAO Yanhui, LI Guoqing. Dynamic Coordination Control Strategy for DC Active Distribution Systems with Multi PV-Storage Microgrids [J]. LOW VOLTAGE APPARATUS, 2022, 0(5): 71-77.
[7]	LI Jiaxu, XIA Hua, BAO Xiangyu. Fault Simulation of DC Distribution Network with Distributed Power Access [J]. LOW VOLTAGE APPARATUS, 2022, 0(4): 76-82.
[8]	CHEN Huo. Study on Pulse Burst Test Intensity of Charging Port of New Energy Vehicle [J]. LOW VOLTAGE APPARATUS, 2022, 0(3): 86-89.
[9]	CHEN Rui, DONG Hualiang, ZENG Jie, TENG Linyang, HE Qinglian, HUANG Mengjun. Control and Protection System Interface Design for VSC Converter of Flexible DC Distribution Network [J]. LOW VOLTAGE APPARATUS, 2022, 0(11): 69-73.
[10]	SUN Guangtao, LI Shukun, JI Jianghui, WANG Xiaoli. Design and Research on Semi Controller of DC Circuit Breaker [J]. LOW VOLTAGE APPARATUS, 2022, 0(1): 35-39.
[11]	SONG Wei, TAO Yong, LIANG Huamin. Research on Typical Connection and Operation Mode of AC-DC Hybrid Distribution Network [J]. LOW VOLTAGE APPARATUS, 2021, 0(4): 16-23.
[12]	SONG Jiangsong. Low Voltage DC Power Supply and Distribution Technology [J]. DIANQI YU NENGXIAO GUANLI JISHU, 2020, 0(2): 78-83.
[13]	DING Jiming, DUAN Haowei. Study on Reliability Evaluation of Key Equipment in AC/DC Distribution Network [J]. DIANQI YU NENGXIAO GUANLI JISHU, 2020, 0(1): 51-57.
[14]	TU Xiaotao, GAO Shilong, CHEN Rui, HU Yongjie, HE Qinglian. Modeling and Simulation Analysis of Multi-Terminal Flexible AC/DC Hybrid Distribution Network [J]. DIANQI YU NENGXIAO GUANLI JISHU, 2020, 0(1): 58-63.