Abstract:

To mitigate renewable curtailment and unmet load caused by source-load mismatch, scheduling modeling of a Vertical Block Energy Storage System(VBESS) is conducted. A gravitational potential energy and charge/discharge efficiency model is developed, a heuristic operating rule is proposed, and a mixed-integer linear programming(MILP) model that minimizes the maximum unmet load is formulated. Using measured rooftop PV and residential load data, three cases—no storage, heuristic control, and optimal scheduling—are compared. Results show that, with a reasonable tower scale and initial energy level, the MILP schedule markedly reduces the maximum unmet load and energy waste, improving renewable utilization and supply reliability. It is concluded that the proposed method provides quantitative guidance for VBESS sizing and operating strategies.

Key words: vertical block energy storage system(VBESS), gravity energy storage, optimal scheduling, power supply reliability