Table of Content

28 February 2026, Volume 0 Issue 2

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Research & Analysis

State of Charge Estimation of Lithium Batteries Under Incomplete Optical Fiber Sensing Data

FAN Qingyuan, SHENG Wenjuan, WANG Junkai

2026, 0(2):  1-11.  doi:10.16628/j.cnki.2095-8188.2026.02.001

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In response to the issue of incomplete fiber bragg grating(FBG) sensor data in lithium battery monitoring, a method for FBG strain data completion based on non-linear independent components estimation(NICE) is proposed. To optimize the annealing parameters in the NICE model, the particle swarm optimization(PSO) algorithm is employed for adaptive parameter optimization, thereby improving the quality of data generation. On this basis to further enhance the effectiveness of fiber Bragg grating sensing data in state of charge(SOC) estimation for lithium-ion batteries, an SOC estimation model based on an attention mechanism and bidirectional gated recurrent unit(Bi-GRU-Att) is constructed in this work. Experimental results show that the proposed PSO-NICE algorithm significantly reduces the earth mover’s distance compared to the generative adversarial network(GAN) data generation algorithm at data missing rates of 10%, 30%, 50%, and 70%. Notably, at a missing rate of 70%, the EM distance is reduced by 73.41%. Compared with traditional zero-value imputation, the proposed data completion method reduces the root mean square error(RMSE) and mean absolute error(MAE) in SOC estimation by 42.384% and 37.256%, respectively. The proposed approach provides an effective solution and technical reference for addressing fiber-optic sensing data loss in practical applications.

Research & Analysis

Parameter Identification of Jiles-Atherton Hysteresis Model Based on Particle Swarm and Ant Lion Hybrid Optimization Algorithm

YE Jianying, LIU Lei, LIN Bo, CHEN Yingting, HUANG Guanghua, SHU Yizhan

2026, 0(2):  12-18.  doi:10.16628/j.cnki.2095-8188.2026.02.002

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The Jiles-Atherton(J-A) hysteresis model,characterized by its few parameters and clear physical significance, is widely used in the simulation study of magnetic properties of electromagnetic materials. However,to address the issues of low accuracy and time-consuming parameter identification in the J-A hysteresis model, a hybrid optimization algorithm combining particle swarm optimization(PSO) and ant lion optimization(ALO) is proposed. In the early stage of the algorithm, the global search capability of the PSO algorithm is utilized to rapidly locate the approximate range of the global optimal values for the J-A hysteresis model parameters. Subsequently, as the algorithm enters the deep search stage, the ALO algorithm is introduced. Through the random walk of ants, roulette wheel selection mechanism, and elitist preservation strategy, the algorithm can achieve high-precision convergence in the limited search space, so as to quickly lock the global optimal solution of the model parameters. Simulation and experimental validation demonstrate that this hybrid algorithm exhibits rapid convergence and high accuracy in model parameter identification, and the simulated hysteresis curves are highly consistent with the measured data, validating its practicality and effectiveness.

Research on Coordinated Optimization Scheduling of Photovoltaic Power Generation Park and Electric Vehicle Charging and Discharging Based on PSO-DE Algorithm

ZHANG Yuewei, GUAN Yongan

2026, 0(2):  19-23.  doi:10.16628/j.cnki.2095-8188.2026.02.003

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To tackle the load fluctuation issues in a park caused by the intermittency of photovoltaic(PV) system power generation and the randomness of electric vehicle(EV) loads, a coordinated optimization scheduling model based on the particle swarm optimization-differential evolution(PSO-DE) algorithm is proposed. The model adopts a joint objective optimization function aimed at minimizing the park’s operating costs while maximizing the benefits for EV users. By integrating the global fast convergence characteristics of the particle swarm optimization(PSO) algorithm with the local search capability and population diversity maintenance mechanism of the differential evolution(DE) algorithm, the proposed approach effectively enhances convergence speed by approximately 30%. Using the typical daily load data for a summer day in a park in Shanghai as a simulation case study, the results demonstrate that the proposed coordinated optimization model effectively reduces the park’s operating costs, increases EV user benefits by 7.7%, and improves both economic performance and operational stability of the system. The simulation outcomes validate the accuracy and effectiveness of the model.

Research on Blockchain-Based Full Lifecycle Management and Control Technology for Power System AGC Parameters

JIN Shi, LI Beibei, FENG Xiaoze, HONG Yue, ZHANG Wenlu, LIU Qian, TONG Shiqi, ZHANG Qiao, TAO Tao

2026, 0(2):  24-32.  doi:10.16628/j.cnki.2095-8188.2026.02.004

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Traditional automatic generation control(AGC) parameter management relies on centralized databases, which pose risks of data tampering, low efficiency of multi-party collaboration, insufficient operational transparency, and difficulties in historical tracing. Blockchain technology is introduced into the entire process of AGC parameter management to address challenges including parameter data verification, certification, and traceability. Firstly, a blockchain architecture for AGC parameter control in the power grid is designed. Secondly, the key technologies for constructing the AGC parameter control chain are studied. Finally, through experimental verification and analysis, the consistency verification, certification efficiency, consensus efficiency, and other performance of the parameter control chain are analyzed. The results show that the parameter control chain designed has functions such as efficient certification, trustworthy traceability, and consistency verification of key parameter data on the chain, which can significantly improve management efficiency and security.

Fuzzy Active Disturbance Rejection Voltoge Control Stabilization Strategy for Photovoltaic Grid-Connected Converter

YANG Xin

2026, 0(2):  33-42.  doi:10.16628/j.cnki.2095-8188.2026.02.005

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The bus voltage stability of photovoltaic grid-connected converters is critical to the safe operation of power systems. Aiming at the problems of slow response and insufficient immunity of photovoltaic grid-connected converters under disturbances such as light and temperature, a fuzzy active immunity voltage stabilization control strategy is proposed. This strategy employs an extended state observer to estimate system disturbances and actively compensate for them, and combines the fuzzy clustering algorithm to achieve adaptive setting of control parameters. It integrates the offline learning of fuzzy clustering with the online compensation of active disturbance cancellation control. The double closed-loop structure of the voltage outer loop proportional integral(PI) control and the current inner loop active disturbance rejection control(ADRC) is adopted to achieve precise and stable bus voltage. The simulation results show that the bus voltage fluctuation is controlled within 8.3V, the grid-connected current total harmonic distortion(THD) is 2.1%, and the settling time is 1.5 s. All indicators are significantly better than the traditional methods, providing an effective guarantee for the stable operation of the photovoltaic system.

Buck Converter Control Strategy Based on Improved Single Neuron Adaptive PID

ZHANG Chenghao, CHEN Xikun

2026, 0(2):  43-49.  doi:10.16628/j.cnki.2095-8188.2026.02.006

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In application fields such as distributed energy resource grid integration and electric vehicle charging stations, there are stringent requirements for the dynamic performance of output current. To meet the requirement of a specific product to achieve both good dynamic performance and high steady-state accuracy when outputting a slow-varying sinusoidal current, an Improved Single Neuron Adaptive PID(ISNA-PID) control strategy is proposed. This strategy integrates the Single Neuron Adaptive PID(SNA-PID) with expert control to enable online automatic adjustment of the SNA-PID connection weights. Simulation and experimental verification of both the SNA-PID and ISNA-PID control strategies were conducted. The results demonstrate that in a power supply system based on a three-phase interleaved parallel Buck converter, the use of the ISNA-PID control strategy yields significant improvements:the response speed is increased by approximately 27% and 13% compared to conventional PID control and SNA-PID control, respectively, while the steady-state accuracy is improved by approximately 76% and 60%, respectively. These results validate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed ISNA-PID control strategy.

Modeling and Control of Capacitor Voltage Reduced Quasi Z-Source Three-Level Inverter

YU Deqing

2026, 0(2):  50-57.  doi:10.16628/j.cnki.2095-8188.2026.02.007

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To investigate the intrinsic characteristics and DC bus voltage control strategy of the capacitor voltage reduced quasi Z-source three-level inverter, the basic principle of the inverter is first analyzed. Then, the state space averaging method and small signal disturbance method are used to model the DC side of the Z-source network, and the transfer function from the through duty cycle to the capacitor voltage of the quasi Z-source network is derived, providing a theoretical basis for the optimal selection of DC side parameters and the design of control systems. Finally, a voltage current dual loop control system for the inverter is designed, which indirectly controls the DC bus voltage and maintains a constant output voltage of the inverter, with good steady-state and dynamic performance. The correctness of the small signal model and the rationality of the control system are verified.

Energy Storage Technology

Non-Intrusive Flexible Grid-Connection and Uninterrupted Operation Technology Based on Diesel-Storage Coordination

LI Yuelong, WANG Deshun, ZHUANG Jun

2026, 0(2):  58-66.  doi:10.16628/j.cnki.2095-8188.2026.02.008

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To address the issues of complex operation, high inrush current, and power interruption in the grid integration of traditional low-voltage generator vehicles, a non-intrusive flexible grid-connection and uninterrupted operation technology based on diesel-storage coordination is proposed. This technology acquires grid and generator status via non-intrusive sampling, and integrates proportional-integral-derivative(PID) dynamic adjustment of diesel generators with a circuit breaker closing time prediction algorithm to achieve precise flexible control of voltage, frequency, and phase. Meanwhile, it introduces an energy storage system based on virtual synchronous generator(VSG) control for rapid response to frequency and voltage fluctuations, suppressing load impacts. Engineering validation shows that this technology reduces on-site operation time by over 66%, achieves power-outage-free switching, completely eliminates “two brief power interruptions”, and significantly enhances safety and reliability, making it suitable for distribution network planned maintenance and emergency power supply scenarios.

Simplified Method and Application of Thermal Model for High-Power DC Charging Modules

YAO Zepeng, HUANG Ju, ZHOU Junhui, ZHENG Zonghua, MAO Xingkui

2026, 0(2):  67-76.  doi:10.16628/j.cnki.2095-8188.2026.02.009

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With the continuous improvement of the power level and power density of high-power DC charging modules, more severe challenges are posed to the heat dissipation design of modules, among which forced air cooling heat dissipation is widely used in high-power DC charging modules.First of all, the overall hydrodynamic modeling of the module inlet section and fully developed section is carried out to obtain a unified mathematical model.On this basis, the impedance characteristic curve of the system is obtained and then associated with the static pressure drop of the fan to determine the working point of the system and mathematically model the thermal resistance of radiator.A simplified design method of the thermal model is proposed, based on which a 60 kW high-power DC charging module with forced air-cooling heat dissipation is constructed, and the reasonableness and feasibility of the modeling and simplified design are verified through finite element simulation and thermal experiment.

Electrical Design & Discussion

Design and Research on the Traction Rod Removal of a Molded Case Circuit Breaker

ZHANG Da, ZHENG Leao, LIU Shubin, GAO Leixiao

2026, 0(2):  77-81.  doi:10.16628/j.cnki.2095-8188.2026.02.010

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As the market’s dual demands for performance and cost of molded case circuit breakers(MCCBs) continue to rise, structural innovation has become crucial. An innovative structure of MCCB that eliminates the traction rod and directly adopts a design featuring a backup armature and an adjustment screw for tripping and reclosing is introduced. The principle and structural characteristics of this design are elaborated, and its advantages in reducing costs and improving performance are analyzed through a comparison with the traditional traction rod structure. Practical experience has demonstrated that this innovative design effectively meets the market’s demand for high performance and low cost of MCCBs, and has broad application prospects.