Table of Content

30 May 2026, Volume 0 Issue 5

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Research & Analysis

Short-Term Power Load Multivariable Coupled Prediction Algorithm Based on Hybrid Bee Colony Optimization and Deep Belief Network

GUO Shuaichao, MA Chuang

2026, 0(5):  1-7.  doi:10.16628/j.cnki.2095-8188.2026.05.001

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The traditional load forecasting algorithm is difficult to effectively deal with the nonlinearity in the power load data.A novel multivariable coupling forecasting algorithm for short-term power load is designed.The deep belief network is used to automatically learn the complex coupling relationship between multiple variables and the deep feature representation,by which the effective extraction of nonlinear features and deep features is realized.At the same time,the hyper parameter adaptive selection strategy is introduced into the traditional bee colony optimization algorithm to form a hybrid bee colony optimization algorithm,which realizes the global optimization of key parameters,and effectively improves the generalization ability and prediction accuracy of the algorithm.The results show that the prediction accuracy and prediction efficiency of the proposed algorithm are exceed 99%,which realizes the effective and accurate capture of the overall trend of load change,and lays an important foundation for the real-time scheduling and optimization of the power system.

Research on Improved SOGI-PLL Control Method for Single-Phase Grid-Connected Inverters

YE Ling, CHEN Shirong, YE Peng, WU Ziran, LIANG Bumeng, CHEN Chong

2026, 0(5):  8-16.  doi:10.16628/j.cnki.2095-8188.2026.05.002

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With the increasing demand for renewable energy integration,the synchronization accuracy and power quality of grid-connected inverters have a significant impact on grid stability.To improve the comprehensive performance of single-phase grid-connected inverters,the control scheme of the second-order generalized integrator phase-locked loop (SOGI-PLL) is studied.An APF-SOGI-PLL structure combined with an all-pass filter (APF) and a frequency-locked loop (FLL) is proposed to improve anti-interference ability and frequency tracking performance.Proportional odd-harmonic repetitive control is adopted to enhance harmonic suppression capability.A passive damping method is used to suppress resonant peaks and improve system stability.A simulation model of a 1 kW grid-connected inverter is built in Simulink.Simulation results show that the proposed APF-SOGI-PLL can effectively suppress DC offset and achieve fast frequency synchronization under grid frequency fluctuations.The total harmonic distortion (THD) of the grid-connected current is lower than 0.70%,and the comprehensive performance is superior to that of the comparison methods.

Analysis of the Mechanism and Impact on Service Life of the Two-Step Engagement and Two-Step Release Processes in Balance Force Relays

WANG Yubo, WU Jiangtao, RUAN Yonggang, LIANG Huimin, WEI Zitong, ZHAO Wei, SONG Qi

2026, 0(5):  17-22.  doi:10.16628/j.cnki.2095-8188.2026.05.003

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Balance force relays have extensive applications,yet manufacturers frequently encounter phenomena such as ‘two-step engagement’ and ‘two-step release’ during product commissioning.Such occurrences may reduce the electrical lifespan of the relays.The mechanisms underlying ‘two-step engagement’ and ‘two-step release’ are investigated,and their impact on product longevity is analyzed.The operating principle of balance force relays and the ideal matching relationship between attraction and repulsion forces are first elucidated from a magnetic circuit perspective.It then analyses the mechanisms behind ‘two-step engagement’ and ‘two-step release’ occurring during specific phases,along with their impact on product lifespan.Finally,selected samples undergo lifespan testing,confirming that ‘two-step engagement’ during static overtravel and ‘two-step release’ during dynamic overtravel reduce product lifespan,consistent with analytical findings.

Scheduling Strategy Design of Integrated Energy System Based on Adaptive Whale Algorithm and Grey Clustering Model

HUO Qijing, YANG Keke, JIANG Yuhu

2026, 0(5):  23-29.  doi:10.16628/j.cnki.2095-8188.2026.05.004

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To address the issues of low scheduling accuracy and low efficiency in traditional integrated energy system scheduling strategies under complex grid conditions,an intelligent dispatch strategy combining the adaptive whale algorithm with a grey clustering model is proposed.The whale algorithm is improved by dynamically adjusting inertia weight and convergence factors to enhance its global and local search capabilities.Additionally,a grey clustering model is employed to evaluate and classify equipment status,providing precise information support for dispatching.Experimental results show that the strategy achieves scheduling accuracy and efficiency of more than 99%,effectively reducing system operational costs and energy losses while significantly improving system performance and reliability.The research concludes that this method provides an effective foundation for intelligent optimization dispatching in power systems.

Research on System-Level Regulation Strategy for Power Factor in Distributed Photovoltaic Systems

PAN Li

2026, 0(5):  30-36.  doi:10.16628/j.cnki.2095-8188.2026.05.005

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Driven by the dual carbon goals,the grid-connected scale of distributed photovoltaic (PV) expands rapidly.The randomness and intermittency of its output are prone to causing power quality issues.Traditional reactive power compensation devices misjudge easily in bidirectional power flow,because the superposition of inverter active current and load current changes the phase characteristics,resulting in under-compensation or over-compensation.To slove this problem four progressive solutions are proposed:topology reconstruction at the point of common coupling (PCC),upgrading of refined reactive power compensation equipment,deployment of four-quadrant reactive power compensators,and intelligent software control for dynamic reactive power regulation of inverters.A simulation model of a 2 MW PV power station is built via MATLAB/Simulink,which verifies that the software dynamic regulation strategy can restore the power factor from 0.86 to above 0.91 within 3 seconds,with a steady-state error less than 0.01.The feasibility of this method is also verified by practical engineering cases.A theoretical basis and technical path are provided for power quality optimization of distributed PV projects.

Arc Detection & Research

Research on Arc Breaking Modeling of Electromagnetic Contactors

PENG Jianxiong, ZHUANG Jierong, XU Zhihong

2026, 0(5):  37-43.  doi:10.16628/j.cnki.2095-8188.2026.05.006

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To deeply explore the dynamic characteristics of the arc during the disconnection of the AC contactor,the CJ20-40 AC contactor is selected as the research object and a three-dimensional dynamic MHD simulation model is established.The evolution of the arc shape,temperature distribution,velocity field distribution,and the spatial-temporal distribution of the magnetic field is analyzed under a current level of 20 A and a breaking phase angle of 30°.The accuracy of the simulation models with different breaking phase angles was verified through high-speed cameras and electrical experiment data,and the arc power and energy changes were further analyzed.Fourier transform spectral analysis based on high sampling rate arc current shows that there are characteristic high-frequency components near 60 kHz and 213.7 kHz for arc current at different breaking phase angles.The dynamic changes and electromagnetic characteristics of the breaking arc are systematically revealed,providing a theoretical basis for the subsequent utilization of arc magnetic field energy.

Study on Influence Mechanisms of Gas and Vacuum Media Arc Characteristics for Aviation 230 V Variable-Frequency AC Contactors

YANG Nan, CHEN Jun

2026, 0(5):  44-50.  doi:10.16628/j.cnki.2095-8188.2026.05.007

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A systematic investigation is conducted on the arc characteristics of aviation 230 V variable-frequency AC contactors in gas and vacuum media,with the influence of different gas media,gas pressure,contact materials,and current frequency on arc characteristics and arc-extinguishing performance analyzed.By building a dedicated experimental platform,the arc-extinguishing performance of hydrogen,argon,helium,nitrogen,and other gases was compared.The influence of pressure variations on the arc characteristics of hydrogen was systematically analyzed,the ablation resistance of various contact materials was evaluated,and the impact of contact diameter,materials,and current frequency on arc interruption capability in a vacuum environment was thoroughly investigated.The results indicate that hydrogen exhibits optimal arc-extinguishing performance,with a steady-state arcing voltage of 60 V,significantly higher than other gas media.The CuCr series materials demonstrate outstanding performance in ablation resistance and interruption capability,making them ideal contact materials.The current frequency in the range of 360~800 Hz has a significant impact on arc energy,chopping current,and interruption capability,with the vicinity of 600 Hz being the weakest frequency band for interruption capability.A relatively complete database of arc characteristics is established,providing important theoretical and experimental basis for the optimized design of aviation variable-frequency AC contactors.

Electrical Design & Discussion

Design and Implementation of Contactless Contactor Based on Power Electronics Technology

WEI Chengjie, LIU Wei, YU Qingrui, SUO Dongping, HUANG Wenhui, WANG Jun, LI Wenyuan

2026, 0(5):  51-60.  doi:10.16628/j.cnki.2095-8188.2026.05.008

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To address the inherent drawbacks of traditional electromagnetic contactors,such as mechanical wear,arc ablation,slow response speed,and insufficient reliability,a contactless contactor based on all-solid-state power electronics technology is designed and implemented.The system adopts a modular architecture,utilizing SiC MOSFET as the core switching device,and constructs a closed-loop control circuit comprising power conversion,signal isolation,trigger control,sampling feedback,and RC snubber circuits.Through the optimized design of input filtering and isolated driving,safe isolation and efficient drive between the control loop and the main power loop are achieved.Combined with the zero-crossing triggering and dynamic sampling mechanisms,the switching response speed and anti-interference capability are significantly improved.Test results indicate that the contactor achieves microsecond-level switching response,completely eliminates arc and mechanical wear problems,and demonstrates excellent electromagnetic compatibility and low conduction loss characteristics.It shows significant advantages over traditional contactors in terms of reliability,service life,and comprehensive performance,making it suitable for high-demand application scenarios such as industrial automation and smart grids.

Research on Unsteady Closing Faults of AC Contactors

CAI Hongzhou, LI Xinye, DU Heyan

2026, 0(5):  61-68.  doi:10.16628/j.cnki.2095-8188.2026.05.009

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AC contactors operating under low control circuit supply voltage often exhibit unsteady closing faults,which may critically compromise the reliability and safety of client-controlled equipment.Simulation analysis of the attraction-counterforce characteristics reveals that the root cause of unsteady closing lies in the counterforce exceeding the attraction force.Fault simulation experiments under low control circuit supply voltage indicate that unsteady closing during operation can trigger severe issues such as contact adhesion,phase loss,or even short circuits in AC contactors.Improvement suggestions are proposed from three aspects:design optimization of contactor attraction-counterforce characteristics, contactor selection, and improvement of equipment control circuits.

Study on Integrated Magnetics for PFC Inductor in Single-Phase Interleaved PFC Converter

SUN Yaxuan, LIU Chaohui, YE Xiaoli, WANG Jinpeng, LIN Subin

2026, 0(5):  69-77.  doi:10.16628/j.cnki.2095-8188.2026.05.010

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PFC inductor is the core component of power factor correction circuit,which directly affects the power density of PFC converter.Based on a three-way interleaved parallel PFC converter,the coupling integration of PFC inductors is investigated.Based on the analysis of the working principle of the circuit and the equivalent decoupling analysis of the coupled integrated PFC converter,the key influencing factors of the equivalent inductance and steady-state inductance of the input current ripple were clarified.The design goal of reducing the volume of the magnetic component was set under the condition of constant input current ripple.The quantitative relationship between the inductance current ripple ratio,duty cycle,and coupling coefficient was theoretically derived.We have established equivalent magnetic circuit models for DC magnetic flux analysis and AC magnetic flux analysis,clarified the distribution characteristics of AC and DC magnetic flux,as well as the mapping law of circuit magnetic circuit parameters,providing theoretical basis for the design of integrated PFC inductors,and determined the design scheme of coupling integration.Finally,the correctness of the theoretical analysis of magnetic integration design was verified through circuit magnetic joint simulation and experimental verification.

Abnormal State Recognition Technology for High-Voltage Direct Current Contactors Based on Acoustic Signal Detection

LIU Qinneng

2026, 0(5):  78-87.  doi:10.16628/j.cnki.2095-8188.2026.05.011

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To address the issue of low accuracy in identifying abnormal states of high-voltage direct current contactors and to enhance the generalization ability of the state identification method,a state identification method based on adaptive sensitive mode screening and a hybrid architecture model is proposed.Firstly,the collected vibration and acoustic signals are subjected to adaptive noise complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN),and the sensitive mode components are screened through the variance weighted strategy.Secondly,the reconstructed signals are fused and visualized using the symmetrized dot pattern (SDP) method.Finally,by integrating the efficient local feature extraction ability of EfficientNetV2 and the global modeling advantage of visual Transformer,an EfficientNetV2-ViT model is constructed by introducing the MobileViT module to solve the problem of image feature dispersion of SDP.Compared with other models,the proposed model has better computational efficiency and recognition accuracy.