Review of Research on Low Voltage DC Arc Detection and Interruption Technology

doi:10.16628/j.cnki.2095-8188.2024.08.001

Abstract

Abstract:

DC arc accurate detection and fast breaking technology is the key to ensure the safe,stable and reliable operation in low voltage DC power distribution systems.Firstly,DC arc fault detection technologies in the new scenario of transport are summarized.The multiple kinds of time-frequency domain feature construction algorithms and intelligent models based on the machine learning are analyzed,and a variety of DC arc fault localization techniques using electromagnetic and current signals are introduced.Secondly,the fast interruption technology for low voltage DC systems is reviewed,and the traditional mechanical circuit breaker interruption methods are summarized.The research progress of hybrid circuit breakers and solid-state circuit breakers based on the development of power electronic devices is introduced.Finally,the development direction of low voltage electrical design field is finally proposed,which helps provide references for relevant researchers.

Key words: DC arc, fault detection, fault localization, arc interruption, circuit breaker

CLC Number:

TM501.2

LI Xingwen, ZHANG Zhaozi, YANG Haowen, MENG Yu, WANG Qian, CHEN Silei. Review of Research on Low Voltage DC Arc Detection and Interruption Technology[J]. LOW VOLTAGE APPARATUS, 2024, 0(8): 1-10.

Figures/Tables 3

References 57

[1]	徐鑫森. 低压直流系统保护若干问题的研究[D]. 杭州: 浙江大学, 2023.
[2]	胡宏宇. 用户侧低压直流配电系统的过流保护技术[J]. 电器与能效管理技术, 2019(3):64-67.
[3]	朱海. 基于鲸鱼优化算法改进随机森林的电弧故障检测方法[J]. 电器与能效管理技术, 2024(2):21-27,55.
[4]	高汉林, 许峰, 张涵. 光伏系统直流故障电弧特性与检测装置研究[J]. 电器与能效管理技术, 2022(11):46-53.
[5]	唐圣学, 王彦丰, 乔乃珍. 光伏发电系统直流串联故障电弧检测方法研究[J]. 太阳能学报, 2023, 44(11):31-39. doi: 10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2022-1131
[6]	张瑶佳, 王莉, 尹振东, 等. 基于HHT的航空直流串行电弧特征提取方法[J]. 航空学报, 2019, 40(1):259-271.
[7]	EMRANI A, POURHOMAYOUN M. Applying machine learning techniques to recognize arc in vehicle 48 electrical systems[C]// 2017 IEEE 18th Workshop on Control and Modeling for Power Electronics (COMPEL), 2017:1-4.
[8]	XIA K, ZHANG Z, LIU B, et al. Data-enhanced machine recognition model of DC serial arc in electric vehicle power system[J]. IET Power Electronics, 2020, 13(19):4677-4684.
[9]	LIU S, ZHANG J, LI X, et al. Research on fault identification method of series arc in electric vehicle charging system based on machine learning[C]// 2023 8th Asia Conference on Power and Electrical Engineering (ACPEE), 2023:1628-1632.
[10]	郭琳, 柯希彪, 汤引生, 等. 新能源汽车电弧故障检测方法及测试系统设计[J]. 绝缘材料, 2018, 51(11):74-79.
[11]	刘艳丽, 王浩, 张帆. 电动汽车串联型电弧故障检测方法[J]. 电子测量与仪器学报, 2023, 37(6):222-231.
[12]	王雨. 电动汽车用直流接触器电弧特性仿真研究[D]. 沈阳: 沈阳工业大学, 2022.
[13]	刘树鑫, 刘学识, 李静, 等. 基于SSA-ELM的直流串联故障电弧检测方法研究[J]. 电器与能效管理技术, 2022(10):65-73.
[14]	SPYKER R, SCHWEICKART D L, HORWATH J C, et al. An evaluation of diagnostic techniques relevant to arcing fault current interrupters for direct current power systems in future aircraft[C]// Proceedings Electrical Insulation Conference and Electrical Manufacturing Expo, 2005:146-150.
[15]	OHTA Y, ISODA H. Arc detecting device and aircraft equipped therewith:US8093904[P].2012-01-10.
[16]	ROZMAN G I, SWENSON J C. SSPC for parallel arc fault detection in DC power system:US8320090[P].2012-11-27.
[17]	MOMOH J A, BUTTON R. Design and analysis of aerospace DC arcing faults using fast fourier transformation and artificial neural network[C]// 2003 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, 2003:788-793.
[18]	德州仪器. 在太阳能应用中实施电弧检测:实现与新UL1699B标准的符合性[EB/OL].(2012-08-19)[2024-05-13]. https://www.ti.com.cn/cn/lit/wp/zhcy036/zhcy036.pdf?ts=1671246832714.
[19]	华为技术有限公司. 光伏发电系统直流拉弧智能检测(AFCI)技术白皮书[EB/OL].(2020-09-18)[2024-05-13]. https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/XfxmeOza5G1DOtuEtKA0xA.
[20]	王希彬, 孟庆骁, 戴洪德, 等. 飞机EWIS故障电弧定位技术研究综述[J]. 兵工自动化, 2020, 39(9):31-36.
[21]	吴春华, 胡雅, 李智华, 等. 基于SSTDR的光伏系统直流母线电弧故障在线检测与定位[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2020, 40(8):2725-2734.
[22]	ZHAO S, YOU G D, HOU X X, et al. A spatial location method for DC series arc faults based on RSSI and Bayesian regularization neural network[J]. IEEE Sensors Journal, 2021, 21(24):27868-27877.
[23]	JING L, XIA L, ZHAO T, et al. An improved arc fault location method of DC distribution system based on EMD-SVD decomposition[J]. Applied Sciences, 2023, 13(16):9132.
[24]	ZHU X, LI S, GUO Y, et al. Novel wavefront detection and fault location method based on Hilbert-Huang transform for long HVDC transmission lines[J]. Electric Power Systems Research, 2022, 211:108213.
[25]	唐海龙, 熊兰, 吴淑牛, 等. 光伏系统直流母线电弧故障的固有频率法测距[J]. 太阳能学报, 2022, 43(9):30-37. doi: 10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2021-0255
[26]	熊庆, 刘小军, 郭自清, 等. 基于电流频谱积分差值的光伏系统电弧故障检测和定位[J]. 高电压技术, 2021, 47(5):1625-1633.
[27]	YARAMASU A, CAO Y, LIU G, et al. Aircraft electric system intermittent arc fault detection and location[J]. IEEE Transactions on aerospace and electronic systems, 2015, 51(1):40-51.
[28]	GAJULA K, LE V, YAO X, et al. A probabilistic approach to series arc fault detection and identification in DC microgrids[J]. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics, 2024, 1(5):27-38.
[29]	YAO X, LE V, LEE I. Unknown input observer-based series DC arc fault detection in DC microgrids[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2022, 4(37):4708-4718.
[30]	RABLA M, TISSERAND E, Schweitzer P, et al. Arc fault analysis and localisation by cross-correlation in 270 V DC[C]// 2013 IEEE 59th Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts, 2013:1-6.
[31]	GAJULA K, HERRERA L. Detection and localization of series arc faults in DC microgrids using Kalman filter[J]. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 2020, 9(3):2589-2596.
[32]	LI X, WANG H Q, GUO P F, et al. Series DC arc fault detection and location in wind-solar-storage hybrid system based on variational mode decomposition[J]. Electric Power Systems Research, 2022, 209:107991.
[33]	成达, 张蓬鹤, 熊素琴, 等. 新型低压直流断路器研究综述[J]. 电器与能效管理技术, 2022(11):1-8.
[34]	黄银芳, 蒋顾平. 125 A小型化塑壳断路器短路分断能力提升的研究[J]. 电器与能效管理技术, 2023(11):53-58.
[35]	裘鹏, 黄晓明, 王一, 等. 高压直流断路器在舟山柔直工程中的应用[J]. 高电压技术, 2018, 44(2):403-408.
[36]	李金卜, 李振动, 刘宪辉, 等. 高压直流断路器在张北柔性直流电网中的应用[J]. 东北电力技术, 2024, 45(1):25-29.
[37]	沙新乐, 彭振东, 李博, 等. 混合式断路器自然换流过程分析研究[J]. 船电技术, 2019, 39(2):37-40.
[38]	ZHANG Z, GAO C, CHEN S, et al. Optimization design of interruption characteristics of LVDC hybrid circuit breaker[C]// 2022 IEEE 67th Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts (HLM), 2022:1-8.
[39]	ARMAN H, JURGEN H, BJORN J. Technical assessment of load commutation switch in hybrid HVDC breaker[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2014, 30(10):5393-5400.
[40]	RACHI M R K, HUSAIN I. Design and development of a hybrid DC circuit breaker for 380 V DC distribution system[C]// 2021 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), 2021:1122-1127.
[41]	周万迪, 张蓓, 魏晓光, 等. 一种基于电容可控振荡换流的新型直流断路器[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2023, 43(3):1123-1132.
[42]	ZHOU Y, FENG Y, SHATALOV N, et al. An ultraefficient DC hybrid circuit breaker architecture based on transient commutation current injection[J]. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 2021, 9(3):2500-2509.
[43]	RAVI L, LIU J, LIU J, et al. Surge current interruption capability of discrete IGBT devices in DC hybrid circuit breakers[J]. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 2023, 11(3):3195-3207.
[44]	曾嵘, 赵彪, 余占清, 等. IGCT在直流电网中的应用展望[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2018, 38(15):4307-4317,4631.
[45]	ZHAO X, LIU W, LI X, et al. Research on topology of medium voltage hybrid DC circuit breaker based on IGCT[C]// 2020 4th International Conference on HVDC (HVDC), 2020:129-133.
[46]	YI Q, WU Y, ZHANG Z, et al. Low-cost HVDC circuit breaker with high current breaking capability based on IGCTs[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2021, 36(5):4948-4953.
[47]	ZHANG F, REN Y, SHI Z, et al. Novel hybrid DC circuit breaker based on series connection of thyristors and IGBT half-bridge Submodules[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2021, 36(2):1506-1518.
[48]	QIN K, WANG S, MA J, et al. Thyristor-based DCCB with reliable fast reclosing protection ability by restoring capacitor polarity[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2023, 38(6):7760-7770.
[49]	裴翔羽, 贾重霄, 周万迪, 等. 基于可控振荡的电流注入型混合式直流断路器[J/OL]. 电工技术学报,1-15[2024-05-10].https://doi.org/10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.231964.
[50]	SHEN Z J, ZHOU Y, NA R, et al. A series-type hybrid circuit breaker concept for ultrafast DC fault protection[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2022, 37(6):6275-6279.
[51]	LIU Z, ZHANG C, YANG Y, et al. A series-type dual-coupled-inductors based hybrid circuit breaker with simple start-up operation and adaptive reclosing capability[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2023, 38(11):14652-14664.
[52]	FENG Y, ZHOU X S. KRSTIC S, et al. Molded case electronically assisted circuit breaker for DC power distribution systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2021, 36(6):6586-6595.
[53]	张照资, 高偲智, 汪倩, 等. 自触型低压混合式直流断路器系统设计与开断特性研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2024, 44(11):4544-4556.
[54]	HYON B J, JANG P R, JOO D, et al. Design of a solid state circuit breaker using a SiC MOSFET for LVDC Applications[J]. IEEE Access, 2024, 12:65278-65286.
[55]	QIN K, WANG S, MA J, et al. A thyristor-based reliable bidirectional SSCB with fast-reclosing protection function[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2024, 71(8):8841-8852.
[56]	XU C, SONG X, CAIROLI P. SiC based solid state circuit breaker:Thermal design and analysis[C]// 2022 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC), 2022:1105-1110.
[57]	KHEIROLLAHI R, ZHENG Z, ZHAO S, et al. Techno-economic analysis of solid-state circuit breakers in DC power system applications:design,cost,and performance analyses[J]. IEEE Industry Applications Magazine, 2024, 30(3):32-45.