Study on Breaking Ability Testing Method of DC Low-Voltage Fuse Based on Comparison of GB,IEC and UL Standards

doi:10.16628/j.cnki.2095-8188.2023.12.011

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to study the impact of differences between GB, IEC, and UL standards on the detection of the breaking capacity of low-voltage fuses, the applicable objects, breaking capacity limits, and breaking capacity testing methods of standards were compared. It was found that there were significant differences in small overcurrent tests. According to GB, IEC, and UL standards, small overcurrent breaking tests were conducted under different expected testing currents, switching times, and preheating methods. The results showed that the curve between the pre-arcing time of the fuse and the expected testing current basically coincided under different expected testing currents.The pre-arcing time, breaking voltage and initial voltage measured by AC or DC preheating are basically consistent.Different switching times prolong the full voltage circuit time, but not affect the arcing process and the testing results of the recovery voltage.

Key words: GB standards, IEC standards, UL standards, DC low-voltage fuse, breaking ability test

CLC Number:

TM93

ZHAO Jing, LI Saisai, BAI Chengzong, GUO Xiangrong. Study on Breaking Ability Testing Method of DC Low-Voltage Fuse Based on Comparison of GB,IEC and UL Standards[J]. LOW VOLTAGE APPARATUS, 2023, 0(12): 71-76.

Figures/Tables 10

项目	GB 13539.1—2015/IEC 60269-1:2014	UL 248-1—2011
试验环境	如同时验证时间-电流特性,则应在周围空气温度为(20±5)℃下进行。如不能在保持在上述范围,则可以扩展至-5~40 ℃,但NO.4、NO.5都应在(20±5)℃下进行	无规定
试验内容	额定分断能力试验:NO.1试验最大电弧能量试验:NO.2试验小过电流试验:NO.3、NO.4、NO.5试验	高电流试验:1号试验最大能量试验:2号试验低电流试验:5a,5b,5c试验
试验电流	NO.1试验电流I₁为额定分断能力电流 NO.2试验电流I₂为试验时电弧能力近似为最大的电流 NO.3试验电流I₃=3.2I_f NO.4试验电流I₄=2.0I_f NO.5试验电流I₅=1.25I_f I₃、I₄、I₅分别为在小过电流范围内验证熔断器是否可靠动作的试验电流(右列含义相同)	1号试验I₁≥10 kA 2号试验I₂为试验时电弧能力近似为最大的电流 3号试验电流I₃=9I_n 4号试验电流I₄=3I_n 5号试验电流I₅=2I_n
恢复电压	所有试验:额定电压的115%	1和2号试验:额定电压的105% 3~5号试验:额定电压120%
时间常数	预期电流20 kA以上:15~20 ms; 预期电流20 kA及以下:0.5(I)^0.3 ms,I为预期试验电流(右列含义相同)	1号:≥10 ms 其他:≥0.5(I)^0.3 ms
试验条件	NO.1和NO.2试验:NO.1试验时,在电流≥0.5I₁时出现电弧,无须进行NO.2试验	2号试验:如果试验电路高于额定分断值,则不需进行
试验步骤	NO.3~NO.5试验:在试验不允许电流在全压维持所要求的时间,可以用大致等于试验电流值的电流在低压下预热熔断器在此情况下,必须在产生电弧前转换到正常的试验电路中,转换时间t₁(无电流时间间隔)≤0.2 s,电流重新出现和开始燃弧之间的时间间隔(全压电路阶段)≥3t₁	5a~5c试验:试验需要用低压电路预热熔断器,电流应在试验电流的20%以内。在电弧产生前,应通过开关切换至试验电路,切换时间不超过1 s。全压电路阶段至少≥17 ms
结果判定	NO.1和NO.2试验出现的电弧电压不超过表5最大电弧电压的要求。不应持续燃弧、飞弧或危及周围的火焰喷出,熔断器的零部件不应损坏。熔断体不应损坏到使其更换困难或危及操作者的程度。每次试验后测量熔断体触头间电阻应不小于:额定电压≤250 V的熔断体50 kΩ,其他情况100 kΩ	熔断体没有融化金属喷出;没有出现孔洞;内部焊接点不发生融化,熔断体单个触点或所有触点既没有发生位移也没有发生变形,变形或位移量不超过总长的3.2 mm。熔断体允许发生变色,但不影响替换;允许发生熔断体的断裂,但熔断体仍保持为整体,没有发生填料的损失
预处理要求	无规定	5a~5c试验和大电流试验:每个熔断体在90 ℃的保温炉内至少放置24 h,取出后1 h内测试(可选) 最大能量试验:熔断体在条件为室温25 ℃,相对湿度为90%~100%的条件下的湿度箱内放置5 d,取出后1 h内测试(必需)

项目	GB 13539.1—2015	IEC 60269-1:2014	UL 248-1—2011
适用对象	装有额定分断能力不小于6 kA的封闭式限流熔断体的熔断器。该熔断器作为保护标称电压不超过1 000 V的交流工频电路或标称电压不超过1 500 V的直流电路用	与GB 13539.1—2015一致	额定电压不超过1 000 V,额定分断能力高至300 kA(其中墨西哥上限为200 kA)的交流和/或直流低压熔断器
额定值/额定电压典型值(直流)/V	110,125,220,250,250,440,460,500,750	系列1:220,400,440,500,750,1 000,1 500 系列2:110,250,460,600,1 200	60,125,160,250,300,400,500,600
熔断体额定电流典型值(直流)/A	2-4-6-8-10-12-16-20-25-32-35-40-50-63-80-100-125-160-200-250-315-400-500-630-800-1 000-1 250	2-4-6-8-10-12-16-20-25-32-35-40-50-63-80-100-125-160-200-250-315-400-500-630-800-1 000-1 250	1/10,…,1,1-1/8,…,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,15,17,20,25,30,35.40,45,50,60,70,80,90,100,110,125,150,175,200,250,300,350,400,450,500,600,700,800,1 000,1 200,…,6 000
分断能力典型值/直流/kA	无规定	无规定	10,20,50,100,150,200,300
分断能力典型值/交流/kA	无规定,由制造商规定	无规定,由制造商规定	无规定,与熔断器类型有关

类型	试验对比参数	额定电流80 A		额定电流300 A
类型	试验对比参数	5c试验	5b试验	5c试验	5b试验
直流预热	电流/A	160	256	600	960
	弧前时间/s	37	4.0	960	32
	分断与初始电压比U_t/U₀	700/400	1 400/600	660/230	1 200/420
交流预热	电流/A	160	256	600	960
	弧前时间/s	38	4.2	976	34
	分断与初始电压比U_t/U₀	690/390	1 300/590	650/230	1 180/410
偏差	弧前时间偏差/%	2.70	5	1.67	6.25
	U_t偏差/%	1.42	7.14	1.51	1.66
	U₀偏差/%	2.5	1.66	0	2.38

阶段	80 A熔断器		300 A熔断器
阶段	UL	GB/IEC	UL	GB/IEC
低压预热阶段	35	35	950	950
转换阶段	0.8	0.1	0.9	0.1
全压电路阶段	5.3	2.6	5.2	3.2
燃弧阶段	0.11	0.13	0.35	0.35

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