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Table of Content

    30 December 2020, Volume 0 Issue 12
    Overview
    Review of Storage Reliability Evaluation and Life Test Methods for Relays
    CHEN Kangning, WANG Zhaobin, LI Zhen, LI Weiyan, SHANG Shang
    2020, 0(12):  1-6.  doi:10.16628/j.cnki.2095-8188.2020.12.001
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    The relay’s storage reliability evaluation and storage life prediction are important contents to study the reliability of the relay.The cause of relay storage failure is analyzed from the aspects of process factors,environmental factors,failure mechanisms and failure modes,etc.The reliability evaluation methods based on Bayesian method,Weibull distribution method and performance degradation model are introduced,and the advantages and disadvantages of several different storage reliability evaluation methods and their applicable scope are analyzed.The relay storage life prediction method based on accelerated storage test is summarized.It is concluded that referring to various fault factors can improve the accuracy of the test.The shortcomings of storage life prediction and future research directions are summarized.

    Research & Analysis
    Influence of Surface Residual Charges on PD Inception Location within Cavity Embedded in Solid Dielectrics
    HE Ping, HE Ruobing, CHEN Jia, YANG Xu, ZHOU Siyuan
    2020, 0(12):  7-13.  doi:10.16628/j.cnki.2095-8188.2020.12.002
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    In order to clarify the effect of surface residual charge caused by partial discharge(PD) on the discharge characteristics,a surface charge-PD joint test system is utilized to focus on the variation of the discharge position in the PD sequence of the air gap on the electrode surface and inside the medium.As the voltage period increases,the coincidence rate of the opposite polarity discharges positions before/after the voltage polarity reversal decreases continuously.Under the same voltage period,the coincidence rate of the positions of the opposite polarity discharges in the air gap inside the insulation is always higher than in the air gap on the electrode surface.The coincidence rate of opposite-polarity discharge positions with negative charge accumulation in the first half period of the electrode surface air gap is higher than in the case of positive charge accumulation during the first half period,and the opposite-polarity discharge position coincidence rate in the two cases in the internal air gap in the insulation are approximately equal.It is shown that the residual charge has an effect on the initial position of partial discharge from changing the electric field and providing free electrons.

    Study on Characteristics and Pattern Recognition of Typical Defect Emission Signal Based on Acoustic Emission Technology
    LIANG Jianying, SUN Chuanming, YANG Gang, GAO Guoqiang, WEI Long, LIU Kai
    2020, 0(12):  14-21.  doi:10.16628/j.cnki.2095-8188.2020.12.003
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    Aiming at the common insulation defects during the operation of electrical equipment,this article has produced several typical partial discharge models of defects,including tip discharge,creeping discharge,air gap discharge and floating discharge.By comparing the time-domain waveforms of the discharge acoustic emission signals of different defects recorded by the test system and the characteristics of the correlation graph of the parameters of the discharge acoustic emission signal,the positive and negative of the pulse amplitude,phase,shape and power frequency of the four types of discharge acoustic emission signals are obtained.There is a big difference in half-cycle symmetry;in response to this difference,18 acoustic emission waveform feature parameters are extracted,a multi-class support vector machine classifier is designed.The recognition test results show that for the recognition of four typical types of partial discharges of defects,the rate reaches 92%,so the partial discharge acoustic emission waveform characteristic parameters can be used for discharge type identification.

    Research on Anti-Interference Algorithm of Partial Discharge Signal of Switch Cabinet
    HOU Chunguang, ZHANG Runqi, CAO Yundong, GAO Youhua
    2020, 0(12):  22-27.  doi:10.16628/j.cnki.2095-8188.2020.12.004
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    Partial discharge detection of switchgear is one of the important means for analyzing its insulation performance.UHF detection has become the main method of partial discharge detection due to its good sensitivity and anti-interference ability.However,the periodic narrowband interference and square wave interference distributed in the UHF detection range can not be effectively suppressed.This paper analyzes the UHF partial discharge signal containing periodic narrowband interference and square wave interference,and proposes an anti-jamming algorithm based on cross-correlation function and waveform morphological parameters.The experimental results show that after the anti-jamming algorithm is calculated,the periodic narrowband interference and square wave interference are effectively filtered out,which proves that this method has a good anti-interference effect in UHF partial discharge detection.

    Research on Self-Protection Strategy of DC Circuit Breaker Based on CT Zero Drift Criterion
    CHEN Weizhong
    2020, 0(12):  28-34.  doi:10.16628/j.cnki.2095-8188.2020.12.005
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    This paper introduced and analyzed the coupling mechanical DC circuit breaker and its self-protection strategy which used in the 160 kV Nan’ao flexible HVDC project,after then,a self-protection strategy for DC circuit breakers based on the fracture CT zero drift criterion was proposed.The corresponding simulation model was built based on the PSCAD/EMTDC simulation platform,and the impact of the fracture CT zero drift value selection was carried out.Based on the DC circuit breaker of the Jin’niu converter station refusal-to-open fault,when an artificial negative-pole to ground short circuit experiment implemented in the Su’cheng confluence line,the impact of the CT zero drift value criterion on the circuit breaker self-protection strategy and the actual system operation was analyzed.Finally,a CT zero drift correction method was proposed to solve the refusal-to-open fault of Jin’niu DC circuit breaker,and the effectiveness of the proposed method was verified by experiments.

    Analysis on Operation Effect of Wind Storage Demonstration Project in China
    WANG Yukui
    2020, 0(12):  35-40.  doi:10.16628/j.cnki.2095-8188.2020.12.006
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    The randomness and volatility of wind power have caused its large-scale grid connection to bring huge challenges to the operation of the existing power system,and the large-scale battery energy storage systems are one of the effective solutions.This paper introduces the current application status of battery energy storage systems and wind storage combined power generation systems at home and abroad.Based on typical wind storage demonstration projects,the operation effect evaluation methods of wind storage combined power generation systems is discussed,and the coordinated control and energy management of wind storage combined power generation systems are summarized.Based on operating data,the operating effects of wind-storage combined power generation are analyzed in different application modes.

    Study of Main Electromagnetic Propagation Path of Electric Field Active Suppression System
    ZHANG Anming, ZHANG Haipeng
    2020, 0(12):  41-45.  doi:10.16628/j.cnki.2095-8188.2020.12.007
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    The electromagnetic interference source of the active negative potential compensation system is analyzed in the electric field suppression device.The EMI test platform is established,and the electromagnetic interference of the active negative potential compensation system is analyzed.The verification experiment of electromagnetic interference propagation path is designed.The electromagnetic interference propagation path obtained by experimental analysis is different from the experimental results.The new experimental results show that the new interference propagation path is the main electromagnetic interference propagation path of the active compensation system.

    Electrical Design & Discussion
    Design of Low-Cost and Low-Power Smart Energy Meter External Circuit Breaker
    TU Fan, HAN Yan, QIAN Jiangbo, LI Qili, CHEN Xiangyu, ZHENG Yiyang, ZHENG Wenxiu
    2020, 0(12):  46-50.  doi:10.16628/j.cnki.2095-8188.2020.12.008
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    In order to improve traditional circuit breakers,a new type of external fee control circuit breaker was designed according to the relevant South Grid standard.Compared with traditional circuit breakers,this design possesses many new features including that:the prevention capability of limit switch man-made destruction,resist damage of short term misconnection to 380 V high voltage,prevent long-term static motor rust lock,shield the electromagnetic interference of high power interphone in very near distance,removal large and costly transformers,etc.It can pass the function test and performance test of relevant national standard and enterprise standard.The circuit is simple,the number of component is fewer,the function is comprehensive,the reliability is high,and has the advantage of low power,low cost.

    Analysis and Calculation of Spring Band’s Radial Deformation and Radial Force
    LIU Yongqing, WANG Caixia
    2020, 0(12):  51-54.  doi:10.16628/j.cnki.2095-8188.2020.12.009
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    This paper analyses and calculates the relationship between the spring band’s radial deformation and radial force based on the theory of pure bending.The relationship between the button contacts’s radial deformation and radial force is analyzed on the same principle.The radial forces caused by elastic deformation of spring hoop and button contact are calculated respectively.The results show that the contact pressure of the contact is mainly provided by the spring hoop.And the elastic deformation force of spring hoop is tested by the finite element analysis software.The results provide a theoretical basis for the further application of spring hoop in electrical connection.

    Random Analysis of Contact Failure of Railway Signal Relay
    GUO Guoqing, LI Qingshi, LIU Xin
    2020, 0(12):  55-59.  doi:10.16628/j.cnki.2095-8188.2020.12.010
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    As the contact surface of the safety type railway signal relay is often corroded by contaminants during use,the contact reliability is reduced.So,this paper selects a batch of railway signal relays that have been in service for about 10 years for operation tests.The distribution characteristics and discrete degree of contact pressure drop were analyzed,and the topographic features and pollutant components of the corresponding contact surface were analyzed and extracted.The results show that,for those contats whose contact pressure drop first fluctuates and then stabilizes,the discrete peaks of random failure,and the interquartile range are larger,and some large dust particles and corrosive deposits adhere to the elliptical contact area;While for those contaets whose pressure drop presents continuously fluctuating,the discrete peaks and interquartile distances of random failures are small,and the micro-morphology of the elliptical contact area contains more minute corrosives and dust particles.By extracting the contact failure characteristics of long-term service relays,it provides a theoretical basis for the reliability design,use and maintenance of relay products.

    Simulation Study on Temperature Rise of Bimetal in MCB
    HU Jinli, LU Weimin, JIANG Yifei
    2020, 0(12):  60-66.  doi:10.16628/j.cnki.2095-8188.2020.12.011
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    This paper uses SolidWorks software to establish a simplified bimetal model,and uses ANSYS simulation software to simulate the simplified model,and obtains the bimetal temperature distribution and the maximum shape variables.At the same time,the corresponding bimetallic sheet is completed.And the experimental analysis of the real object is carried out.By comparing the simulation and experimental results,the maximum temperature error is 0.4k and the time to reach stable temperature rise is the same,which verifies the accuracy of the simulation method.At last,the experiment and simulation of bimetal sheet with different welding process is carried out,and the influence of different welding process on bimetal sheet temperature rise is obtained.

    Detection & Experiment
    Research on Resistance Characteristics Test and Modeling Method of Resistance Superconducting Fault Current Limiter
    LI Qingbo
    2020, 0(12):  67-73.  doi:10.16628/j.cnki.2095-8188.2020.12.012
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    The current limiting ability of a resistance superconducting current limiter depends on its resistance characteristics,so it is necessary to accurately grasp the resistance change characteristics of a resistance superconducting current limiter and its operating characteristics in the system.In this paper,a current impulse test is first carried out for the resistance superconducting current limiter for multi-terminal flexible DC transmission project to obtain its resistance-heating accumulation curve.Secondly,this paper proposes a fitting method based on the double exponential function to fit the mathematical expressions of the resistance value and the heat accumulation value.Furthermore,a simulation model of the resistance superconducting fault current limiter based on the mathematical expressions of resistance value and heat generation software is established in PSCAD/EMTCD.Finally,the short-circuit fault simulation analysis of the multi-terminal flexible DC transmission system was carried out.The simulation verifies the correctness of the resistance superconducting current limiter model and the effectiveness of its current limit,and reaches the expected current limit level.

    Optimum Design of Remote Calibration Device for Metrology Based on Synchronized Differential Signal Sampling
    YANG Jufang, CUI Yong, JI Desen
    2020, 0(12):  74-79.  doi:10.16628/j.cnki.2095-8188.2020.12.013
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    Aiming at the problem of reliability and precision of on-line calibration monitoring of metering device,this paper applies the synchronous sampling technology of digital bus to the condition monitoring system of metering device,and designed the modules of PT/CT two-side acquisition terminal,line switching terminal,line control box and so on based on digital bus.By changing the on-line condition monitoring sampling mode of metering device,it can not only realize the accuracy of remote calibration,but also solve the difficult problem of high construction cost and complicated wiring in the original application.This study can provide a research basis for the integration of digital bus synchronous sampling technology into the integrated state monitoring of intelligent substation,and can also provide reference for the further standardization of the condition monitoring technology of metering device.

    Reliability Research on Production Testing of Bimetallic Components
    ZHANG Jiang, WANG Longjiang, WANG Hengyang
    2020, 0(12):  80-84.  doi:10.16628/j.cnki.2095-8188.2020.12.014
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    Aiming at the problem of unstable action time of delay characteristic in the production process of thermomagnetic release of low voltage circuit breaker,this paper analyses the structural characteristics,manufacturing methods and testing methods of bimetallic component materials,and describes the principle,method and means of the solution.A fast and convenient method is proposed through theoretical checking,practical test and result analysis.It can improve the production efficiency and ensure the reliability of product delay protection characteristics,which ensures the plastic case circuit breaker can operate reliably in the practical application circuit.

    Temperature Measurement Method of Lithium Ion Battery Based on Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor
    XU Shouping, HU Juan, XU Chong, HUI Dong
    2020, 0(12):  85-88.  doi:10.16628/j.cnki.2095-8188.2020.12.015
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    In response to the low accuracy of temperature detection and excessive wiring harness in the use process of energy storage lithium-ion battery,a temperature measurement method for lithium-ion battery based on fiber Bragg grating sensing technology was developed.This measurement method can reduce effectively the interference between the wiring harness,and save the space in the module,meet the requirements of on-line monitoring and safety warning during the operation of energy storage battery,improve the accuracy of temperature measurement,optimize the module space,reduce the design of wiring harness,provide a new safe,reliable and low-cost measurement method for future battery management system technology,and improve the stability and reliability of battery management system further to improve the overall safety performance of energy storage battery,greatly promote the promotion and application of battery energy storage.

    Distribution System Technology
    Planning of Distribution Network Expansion Considering Multi-Type Distributed Energy Resources
    CHU Linlin, ZONG Ming, LI Yili, WANG Jingwei, ZHU Xia, SHI Yueqi, GU Jie
    2020, 0(12):  89-98.  doi:10.16628/j.cnki.2095-8188.2020.12.016
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    Based on stochastic programming and chance constraint theory,this paper established a bi-level planning model for distribution network expansion that takes into account with multi-type DERs,which include interruptible loads,distributed photovoltaic and electric vehicle charging stations.The upper model optimizes the expansion of distribution network and the access of DERs,and the lower model optimizes the operation strategy of DERs.The model uses a probabilistic power flow algorithm based on Monte Carlo simulation to deal with the uncertainty of load and DERs.Taking the IEEE 33-node test system as an example,the result shows that the distribution system expansion planning model established in this paper can give full play to the role of DERs in economical and environmental improvement,reduce the cost of distribution network expansion,and thus realize a variety of DERs coordinated planning with distribution networks.

    Design of Virtual Simulation System for Low Voltage Distribution Network
    HUANG Haiteng, ZHENG Xin
    2020, 0(12):  99-104.  doi:10.16628/j.cnki.2095-8188.2020.12.017
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    This paper uses LabVIEW software to design the virtual simulation system of low voltage distribution network.Through the virtual instrument technology,the system virtualizes the action characteristics and operation process of the breaker and other switching equipment,and constructs various types of fault simulation waveform database and analysis database.According to the need,virtual switch equipment,distribution network model and waveform data can be used to build a low voltage distribution network to realize virtual simulation and hardware test,which provides a practical simulation and test platform for low voltage system analysis.

    Calculation of Distance Protection Setting of Regional Power Grid Considering Traction Power Supply
    CHEN Qidi, NAN Dongliang, FENG Xiaoping, WANG Wenhuan, ZHANG Lu
    2020, 0(12):  105-108.  doi:10.16628/j.cnki.2095-8188.2020.12.018
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    Due to the asymmetry of the traction load,there is a problem in the calculation of the measured impedance when the line distance protection on the grid side cooperates with the traction transformer,which brings the puzzle to the setting calculation personnel whether the distance protection can avoid the faults on low side of the traction transformer.The influence of traction substation on distance protection is analyzed.The analysis models of single-phase Ii traction transformer,V/v wiring traction transformer and V/x wiring traction transformer are built.The measurement impedance correction scheme of the grid side distance protection after low side of the traction transformer being faulty is analyzed.The setting calculation suggestions for the distance protection are provided.

    Analysis of Differential Protection Misoperation Caused by CT Saturation Outside Line Fault
    LI Chun, HAN Jianke, GU Hongbo, ZHANG Neng, QIAN Huimin, WANG Ye
    2020, 0(12):  109-113.  doi:10.16628/j.cnki.2095-8188.2020.12.019
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    This paper analyzes the principle of transformer saturation.Residual magnetism is an important factor behind the transformer saturation.With residual magnetism,the transformer is operated in non-linear regions and be saturated in turn.Then this paper analyzes a recent case.A permanent line error appeared in a 220 kV double-circuit.Another circuit CT was saturated and the line was mis-protected after the reclosing failure.Non-faulty lines were found to possess a large penetrating non-periodic component due to the inconsistent opening and closing characteristics of the switches on both sides of the line.As residual magnetism was produced on the CT of one side,the line was severely saturated and incorrect protection operation was taken.Through the analysis of this case,the relevant countermeasures and treatment methods are introduced,and a reference for the subsequent treatment of similar incidents are provided.

    Application
    Application Research of Big Data and Machine Learning Technology in Cable Operation and Maintenance
    WANG Rui, YU Lingfeng, ZHU Bin, XU Jian
    2020, 0(12):  114-118.  doi:10.16628/j.cnki.2095-8188.2020.12.020
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    Traditional cable operation and maintenance methods consume a lot of manpower,material resources and time costs.In order to realize the intelligent operation and maintenance of cables and improve the efficiency of operation and maintenance,the big datas and machine learning technologies are gradually applied to this field.The big datas and machine learning technology were briefly introduced.According to the order of the cable big data life cycle,its applications in the four major links of massive cable data storage,cable data anomaly detection,cable status evaluation,and cable fault diagnosis were specifically analyzed.The typical technologies applied in the four major links of cable operation and maintenance were summarized,and the next research direction was looked forward to.