Research on Residual Current Detection Method Based on Tunnel Magnetoresistance Effect

doi:10.16628/j.cnki.2095-8188.2025.05.004

Abstract

Abstract:

Residual current is an important monitoring parameter in power systems.Aiming at the certain defects existing in the residual current detection methods such as electromagnetic current transformer method and magnetic modulation method when measuring various residual currents,and the respective shortcomings in terms of detection accuracy,sensitivity,zero drift and other performance aspects,a residual current detection method based on the tunnel magnetoresistance effect is proposed.The tunnel magnetoresistive sensor and the average value recognition method are used to measure and identify the waveform of various typical residual currents such as AC and pulsating DC.The influence of some parameters on the measurement is analyzed by building a model and simulation,and the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to optimize the values of some parameters of the sensor to improve the performance of the sensor.Through experiments,the measurement accuracy reaches 5% and the recognition accuracy reaches 97%.

Key words: tunnel magnetoresistance effect, residual current, waveform detection and recognition, particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm

CLC Number:

TM933

WANG Genghuan, CHEN Wei, XU Haibo. Research on Residual Current Detection Method Based on Tunnel Magnetoresistance Effect[J]. LOW VOLTAGE APPARATUS, 2025, 0(5): 25-33.

Figures/Tables 18

References 22

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参数	数值	参数	数值
相对磁导率μ_r	5 000	磁环厚度δ/mm	4
气隙宽度σ/mm	3	导体流过电流/mA	30
磁环内径r₁/mm	12	导体直径/mm	1.5
磁环外径r₂/mm	20

剩余电流波形	平均值/峰值	判别标准
平滑直流	1.000 0	平均值=峰值
正弦交流	0.636 0	平均值>1/2峰值
滞后角0°的脉动直流	0.318 1	1/4峰值<平均值<1/2峰值
滞后角90°的脉动直流	0.159 2	1/8峰值<平均值<1/4峰值
滞后角135°的脉动直流	0.046 6	平均值<1/8峰值

剩余电流波形	平均值与峰值关系式	实际标准
平滑直流	I_avg=I_m	平均值>7/8峰值
正弦交流	I_avg=0.636 0I_m	1/2峰值<平均值<7/8峰值
滞后角0°的脉动直流	I_avg=0.318 1I_m	1/4峰值<平均值<1/2峰值
滞后角90°的脉动直流	I_avg=0.159 2I_m	1/8峰值<平均值<1/4峰值
滞后角135°的脉动直流	I_avg=0.046 6I_m	平均值<1/8峰值
0°脉动直流+6 mA平滑直流	I_avg=0.318 1I_m+ 3×10^-3	1/2峰值<平均值<3/4峰值
90°脉动直流+6 mA平滑直流	I_avg=0.159 2I_m+ 1.5×10^-3	1/8峰值<平均值<1/4峰值
135°脉动直流+6 mA平滑直流	I_avg=0.046 6I_m+ 0.75×10^-3	平均值<1/8峰值

电流类型	被测电流/mA
电流类型	10	30	50	100	150
AC型	51.12	147.35	243.84	485.50	726.31
0°脉动直流	26.80	75.02	123.38	243.79	364.41
90°脉动直流	14.55	38.54	62.80	122.87	182.95
135°脉动直流	5.68	12.71	19.77	37.41	55.18
0°脉动直流+ 6 mA平滑直流	43.04	91.11	139.29	260.01	379.94
90°脉动直流+ 6 mA平滑直流	22.84	46.65	70.84	131.49	191.58
135°脉动直流+ 6 mA平滑直流	14.15	20.86	27.93	45.80	63.32

电流类型	平均动作值/mA	额定动作值 (I_N=30 mA)	准确率/%	文献[3]准确率/%
AC型	29.20	0.50I_N~I_N	100	100
0°脉动直流	30.12	0.35I_N~1.40I_N	98	98
90°脉动直流	28.75	0.25I_N~1.40I_N	98	98
135°脉动直流	30.29	0.11I_N~1.40I_N	97	98
0°脉动直流+ 6 mA平滑直流	30.13	0.50I_N~1.40I_N	99	99
90°脉动直流+ 6 mA平滑直流	29.1	0.50I_N~1.40I_N	98	99
135°脉动直流+ 6 mA平滑直流	28.92	0.50I_N~1.40I_N	98	99